Ph Levels Lab Report Essay - 871 Words

The relatively close pH levels of Tap Water, Spring Water, Flavored Water, and Seltzer Water. Introduction This experiment was performed to investigate the following hypothesis: The following four different types of drinking water (spring water, seltzer water, tap water, and flavored water) we test will relatively have the same pH level. Our group decided to test different types of drinking water to see if a pH level of tap water is comparable to other types of water. Many people believe that city water has many chemicals, causing us to form the expirement to see how close the different types of drinking water’s pH levels are. Materials and Methods For the first part of our exiperiment we used the Red Cabbage Indicator. Red†¦show more content†¦We then moved the electrode in one of the beakers of water we wanted to test. We measured the pH level, recorded it, then placed it back into the clean water it was orignally in. We repeated these steps for each of the different type of drinking water. The control treatment in our expirement was thr red cabbage indicator. The dependent variable is the pH of the water. The independent variable is the different types of drinking water ( tap water, spring water, seltzer water, and flavored water). The standard variables in the expirement are the clean test tubes, the clean pipettes, the Paraflim, the pH tester, and the pH levels pH 2, pH 4, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, pH 10, and pH 12. Results Table 1 shows the standard of the standard of the expirement. It is used to compare the color of the red cabbage expirement to form an educated guess on the pH level of the different types of water. Table 2 shows the pH numbers we got from the red cabbage expirement and from the pH tester. This informations enables to compare the red cabbage and the pH tester numbers in order to prove the red cabbages accuaracy, and to prove our hypothesis that all of the pH numbers of the different types of drinking water are relatively close. Table 1: Red Cabbage Indicator standards pH LEVEL | COLOR | 2 | Red | 4 | Pink | 6 | Purple | 7 | Dark Purple | 8 | Blue | 10 | Dark Green | 12 | Green | Table 2: Table of redShow MoreRelatedEnzyme Kinetics Lab Report: The reaction rate of enzyme, -amylase in Starch-Iodine solution at different temperatures and pH levels1980 Words   |  8 Pagesthe relationship between enzymatic reaction affected by temperature and pH. Through the testing the enzyme at different temperatures, and different pH levels; it would determine at which temperature and pH level the enzyme worked the most efficiently. Analyzing absorbance of the solutions with spectrophotometery will determine the reaction rate. To test the optimal pH, the starch and a buffer were combined at a specific pH level and tested the absorbance of a solution at various times. To resolve theRead MoreScience Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment: SCI103 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Measuring pH Levels Instructions: Enter the Virtual Lab, and conduct the experiments provided before going out into the filed for additional research. Please type your answers. When your lab report is complete, submit it to the Submitted Assignments area of the Virtual Classroom. Part I: Answer the following questions while in the Phase 1 lab environment. Section 1: You will be testing 4 known solutions for pH levels using a standard wide-rangeRead MoreEnzymes Lab Report1657 Words   |  7 PagesEnzymes Lab Report Inroduction In this lab we explore an enzymes activity and how it can be affected by changes to its environment. An enzyme is a protein and is a catalyst to chemical reactions. 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The lab was also an opportunity to see a catalyzed reactionRead MoreInvestigating The Rate Of Enzyme Activity Within A Experiment Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this report is to determine which catalyst effect the rate of enzyme activity within a experiment. Enzymes lower the energy of activation by binding with substrate in chemical reactions to allow the reaction to occur. energy activation is the reguired amount of energy required amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. This decreases the faster the enzyme reaction goes by the shape change on an active site. the conclusion is that the enviromental conditions such as pH, temperature

The Legalization of Gay Marriage Essay - 2475 Words

Ask any American what values founded this country and you will get very similar responses: Liberty, Freedom, or justice. These values are instilled in each American and come as naturally to us as the air we breath, or do they? Just as women fought for suffrage, and African Americans in the civil rights movement, homosexuals battle for the right to marry. This issue is affecting Americans on several levels. Politically, gay marriage is one of the hot issues that public officials are asked to take a position on. Legally, matters of jurisdiction have caused uncertainty on whether a couple of the same sex will be recognized should they decide to move. Socially, America is still in turmoil due to how strongly both the†¦show more content†¦Homosexuals have the right to marry in five states: Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Leaving 45 states either unclear, such as California, which granted gay marriage in June of 2008 which was then appealed in N ov. 2008, or to ban gay marriage, such as Florida and Arizona. New York, Rhode Island and Maryland ban same sex marriage, but recognize unions from other jurisdictions (Badgett 2). This uncertainty began with the Defense of marriage act or DOMA. In 1996, President Bill Clinton passed the Defense of Marriage Act, a federal law defining marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman. Section 2 of the act gave states the ability not to recognize same sex unions from other jurisdictions, while section 3 was even more controversial. It was the section that prohibited the federal government from recognizing any same sex union. This was the the first of many judicial acts that would cause the hazy view of same sex marriage in America. On February 23, 2011 President Barack Obama stated section 3 to be unconstitutional, taking a momentous step toward equality. However, the issue is far from resolved on the state level (Savage and Stolberg 3). When have such separate and oppos ing views been allowed between states? What would America be like today had only five states allowed integration of African Americans into educational systems? It is argued that our country should agree to disagree and allowShow MoreRelatedLegalization Gay Marriage1099 Words   |  5 PagesLegalization of Gay Marriage What is the definition of marriage? The dictionary states it as being the legal union between a man and a woman as husband and wife. However, times are changing as the gay life style becomes more accepted by society it is time to allow all couples regardless of sex to enjoy equal protections, rights and benefits under the law. Perhaps, it makes the most sense to consider arguments against same sex marriage to realize why it should be legalized; these arguments touchRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1527 Words   |  7 PagesAnna Aiello Professor Jessica Lugo College Writing 1 25 September 2015 The Legalization of Gay Marriage A New York Times article honors that on June 26th, the United States declared same-sex marriage a right nationwide. â€Å"Love wins,† chanted the crowd outside the Supreme Court (Liptak). The Supporters of same-sex marriage celebrated the new feeling they received of love equality. For many years, homosexuals companions have been deprived from their right to become legally united. ThisRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Gay Marriage: A Step to Equality Imagine a world where heterosexuals are the minority. Straight people would be the ones fighting for the same rights as homosexuals. 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Therefore, they must have the rights to live and marry legallyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1638 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant cultural development in America in the last twenty-five years has definitely been the legalization of gay marriage. Few other issues in public policy have resulted in such a dramatic shift in public opinion as the controversy same-sex marriage and the rights that come along with the institute of marriage. The decade of the seventies was the time when numerous state statutes materialized defining marriages to only be valid between and man and a woman. Later in the nineties and on into two-thousandsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1269 Words   |  6 Pages It appears people are less frequently getting married to hide being gay than in the past. Now it has be-come more prominent socially. The legalization of gay marriage has led to more people feeling comfortable coming out. There are definitely still people that hide being gay due to family, friends, or religious lack of acceptance. This could af-fect treatment of patient if they do not fully tell the physician their full sexual history. In the video, one of the characters said, â€Å"everything in itsRead MoreLegalization of Gay Marriage1319 Words   |  6 PagesREGINA KHOR MAY LIN AA09179 Relationship Should we legalize same-sex marriage in our country? To persuade To persuade my audience that we should legalize same-sex marriage in our country. Same-sex marriage should be legalized since it is the natural form of the marriage evolution, part of human rights and able to prevent psychological stress from the LGB community. (LGB- lesbian, gays and bisexuals) Problem and solution I.INTRODUCTION Picture this... A man meets someoneRead MoreLegalization of Gay Marriage Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of gay marriage has been a major controversial topic for a long time. Although, many people do not know what it means to be homosexual, most people do not know the actual definition of homosexuality and they do not know how difficult it is to be gay in this society. There are many reasons why people are against gay marriage and homosexuals all together. Most of the reasons are based on religious bias another big reason is being afraid of the unknown. Some smaller reasons are that beingRead MoreEssay about Legalization of Gay Marriage1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of gay marriage in the U.S. bears the same stigma as have prior civil rights issues, and as such should be proposed as one of utmost importance, and careful consideration. If our government, as it claims, is secular in nature, then it would be wrong for it to base its treatment of individuals ou tside the boundaries of what is naturally understood as the right of every man, woman, and child, to pursue a lifestyle that is fulfilling. By the same token, white people, black peopleRead MoreAbortion, Gay Marriage, And The Legalization Of Marijuana2946 Words   |  12 Pagesgatherings, private debate, and especially political races. Whether you know it or not, if you assimilate into society in anyway, you probably have an opinion on some issues in today’s culture. Some major topics in today’s news are abortion, gay marriage, and the legalization of marijuana. These issues have increasingly divided us as a society, and have also infiltrated into our political affiliation. The two major parties, Democrats and Republicans, have never been able to see eye to eye on theses issues

Short Porters Rant Explanation free essay sample

Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Macbeth murders King Duncan and it drives him insane. The vicious murderer begins to have hallucinations and, by the time the murderers over, clearly is out of his mind. Shortly after the violent murder, a drunken porter is knocking at the castle door, which in his mind is the gate of Hell. The porter’s rant seemingly lightens the mood after such a violent, despair bringing seen. However, it actually provides audience with a deep, thought-provoking, understanding of Macbeth’s inner feelings. Upon first glance the porter’s rant is almost whimsical, and it is often said that Shakespeare included this just for a change of mood in the play. Actually, far the opposite is true, when the porter says â€Å"Faith, here’s an English tailor come hither [to Hell] for stealing out of a French hose. † (2. 3.  13-14), his words mean much more than regular drunken man’s babbling during a stupor. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Porters Rant Explanation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He’s referring to a tailor, who in the midst of providing a service to a man, steals right from the pocket of his clothes, similar to Macbeth who is providing a service to the king by being his thane, and his host, but kills him, and steals the crown from behind his back. When the porter then speaks about going to Hell, it’s almost an exact explanation of how Macbeth is feeling. Even before the murder, Macbeth is worried about the possible consequences, but after it was completed, he realized his previously imagined consequences would begin to come to life. Overall, the porter’s rant is far from meaningless. It’s not even whimsical; in fact it has a deep purpose to ensure the audience sees behind Macbeth’s face of stone, and come to understand better just what drove him to insanity.

Commentary on Judith Wrights Bora Ring free essay sample

A bora ring is a sacred site for indigenous Australians where initiation ceremonies for indigenous males were held. In her poem Bora Ring, Judith Wright mourns the loss in contemporary Australian society of the culture and traditions of indigenous Australians. She begins with descriptions of Aboriginal culture that has vanished as a result of European settlement. At the end of the poem, Wright recognizes the destruction wreaked upon indigenous Australians by their white brothers and shows remorse for these actions of the past. Through her use of diction, structural devices, and imagery, Wright expresses her sorrow at the disappearance of Aboriginal cultural heritage. In the first stanza of Bora Ring, Wright describes the loss of the songs, dances, stories and rituals of the Aboriginal Australians. Her use of the adjectives gone, secret, useless and lost emphasizes Wrights regret that this ancient culture has disappeared. The poet, through her use of the metaphor lost in an alien tale, highlights how Aboriginal culture has been replaced by European culture as a result of white settlement in Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary on Judith Wrights Bora Ring or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her use of the word alien stresses her view that the white colonists do not belong in Australia; they are foreigners in the land. Wrights use of end-stopping and caesura, in combination with trimeter and pentameter, creates short emphatic phrases that portray her belief that this loss is irrevocable. The slow pace of the quatrain also serves to depict the poets remorse at the destruction of indigenous traditions. In the second stanza, Wright describes the remains of a bora ring. The Aborigines are no longer present: Only the grass stands up / to mark the dancing ring. Nature is the only reminder of the lost Aboriginal culture. The grass is personified as standing up; it encircles the dancing ring, almost as if it is guarding this sacred area. Wright also personifies the apple- gums. She suggests that their movements and sounds in the wind, posture and mime a past corroboree, / murmur a broken chant. Her choice of the verbs posture and mime emphasizes the way in which past generations of indigenous people gathered for corroboree, a sacred and ceremonial meeting involving music, song and dance. Through the use of personification Wright is thus able to convey the absence f the Aborigines in the bora ring. Wright further conveys the poignancy of the Aborigines disappearance in the third stanza. Structurally, the third and first stanzas parallel each other; both list aspects of indigenous Australian culture that no longer exist. In the first stanza, Wright highlights the loss of the song and the dance. Similarly, in the third stanza, she notes the absence of the hunter and the spear. Wright describes the spear as splintered underground, giving the reader an image of a weapon broken, smothered in the dirt, lying unseen. Thus, the poet stresses the xtinction of the Aboriginal tribal traditions. Wright also notes, through her metaphor of the painted bodies/a dream the world breathed sleeping and forgot that rituals such as corroboree are no longer practiced. Her use of the words dream, sleeping, and forgot emphasizes that these ancient rituals, so much a part of Aboriginal culture, have ceased to live on today. Wright then states that the nomad feet are still. Here, the word nomad refers to the itinerant lifestyle of the Aborigines, still now, since the Aboriginal way of life no longer has any value in

A Reaction To Uncle Toms Cabin Essays - African-American Culture

A Reaction To Uncle Tom's Cabin Lauren Richmond History 201 April 1, 1999 A Reaction to Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin So this is the little lady who made this big war. Abraham Lincolns legendary comment upon meeting Harriet Beecher Stowe demonstrates the significant place her novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, holds in American history. Published in book form in 1852, the novel quickly became a national bestseller and stirred up strong emotions in both the North and South. The context in which Uncle Toms Cabin was written, therefore, is just as significant as the actual content. Among other things, Stowes publication of her novel was stimulated by the increasing tensions among the nations citizens and by her fervent belief that slavery was brutally immoral. While she was still young, Harriets family moved from Hartford, Connecticut to Cincinnati, Ohio. At the time, Cincinnati was a battleground for pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, as well as being a city of religious revivalism, temperance conflicts, and race riots. Her father was a congregationalist minister and her oldest sister, Catherine, was a writer on social reform questions. It is not surprising, therefore, that because of her environment, Harriet became involved in movements emphasizing the moral injustice of slavery. Probably the most significant influence on Harriets writing Uncle Toms Cabin, however, was the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1950. Under the law, people who assisted a runaway slave could receive a fine of $1,000 and six months in prison. Naturally, the statute broadened the slavery debate by involving the northern states in the apprehension of runaway slaves. The North, who had previously adopted a not-our-problem attitude toward slavery, now was forced into a direct role in its propagation. These influences were directly responsible for Stowes creation of Uncle Toms Cabin and its characters, which in her final chapter are revealed to have been, in one sense or another, factual representations. The separate instances that compose the narrative are, to a very great extent, authentic, occurring, many of them, either under (my) own observation or that of (my) personal friends. (Myself or my friends) have observed characters the counterpart of almost all that are here introduced; and many of the sayings are word for word as heard myself. (p. 475) Her motivation for writing the novel, however, was thoroughly rooted in Christian indignation. In Stowes preface to the novel she said that under the allurements of fiction, (we) breathe a humanizing and subduing influence, favorable to the development of the great principles of Christian brotherhood. (p. 3) She sought to correct a cruel practice and to bring to the knowledge of the world the lowly, the oppressed, and the forgotten. (p. 3) The unexpected success of the novel was partially due to innovations in printing, which made possible the mass production and distribution of inexpensive editions. Also at this time was a wave of educational developments, driving the literacy rate upwards into unprecedented numbers. Because of the availability of the novel and the great increase in the reading population, there was no corner of the United States that was not reached by Stowes moral voice. Uncle Toms Cabin was written in a rather empathetic tone, forcing the American public to view the black slaves as human beings, at least for the purpose of reading the novel. A southern slave-owner who read the book would be compelled to slip into the lives of his slaves, perhaps unwillingly, and view the institution from the opposing angle. In this respect was Stowe unfailingly successful. She appealed to the maternal emotions of her readers, and characterized the black population with qualities similar to that of innocent children. This characterization, therefore, made for a powerful argument against slavery. Stowes characters were perhaps too dynamic, but this is a literary technique designed to further arouse the emotions of her readers. For the most part, many of the white women in the novel act as (an exaggerated) moral authority, thus compensating for the abominable sins of their husbands, fathers, brothers, etc. Likewise, the characteristics of the slaves were also exaggerated. They were represented as overwhelmingly loyal, clever, and pious, with Stowe therefore creating an implicit tone of victimization. The novels tone was rather significant, because although many people did consider

Examples of Interpersonal skills The WritePass Journal

Examples of Interpersonal skills Professional development for strategic managers, including technical competence, social and human skills, and conceptual ability Examples of Interpersonal skills Professional development for strategic managers, including technical competence, social and human skills, and conceptual abilityIntroduction1.1   Personal Skills required to achieve Strategic Goals.Time managementEffective DelegationCommunication and the Management of ConflictStress Management1.2   Techniques to assess the professional skills required of a Manager2.1 skills audit to evaluate the strategic skills needed to meet current and future leadership requirementPsychological Testing2.2 Application of appropriate techniques to identify preferred learning styleReferencesRelated Professional development for strategic managers, including technical competence, social and human skills, and conceptual ability Introduction In order to carry out the process of management and the execution of work, the manager requires a combination of technical competence, social and human skills, and conceptual ability. As the manager advances up the organisational hierarchy, greater emphasis is likely to be placed on conceptual ability, and proportionately less on technical competence. (Mullins,1999). 1.1   Personal Skills required to achieve Strategic Goals. According to the work of Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell, as cited by (Mullins, 1999) From their experience of the nature of management work and research project, they identify 11 attributes which were possessed by successful managers and which could not be found with less successful managers. The attributes are grouped into three different levels but many of the qualities are interconnected and possession of one contributes to possession of another. Basic knowledge and information- this is needed by the manager in making decisions and taking action. This is the foundation level. (Mullins, 1999) The specific skills and qualities- this directly affect behaviour and performance. That is the skill or quality of continuing sensitivity to events allows managers to acquire basic knowledge and information. The ‘meta-qualities’ allow managers to develop and deploy skills and resources, and to deploy the situation-specific skills needed in particular circumstances.(Mullins, 1999) Below are other personal skills of an effective manager: Time management Though it is currently a popular topic of attention, the significance of time management has long been recognised as an inherent feature of management. Drucker (1988) as cited by (Mullins, 1999) refers to time as the limiting factor for effective executives. Time is an irreplaceable resource you cannot rent, hire, buy or otherwise acquire more time. He further says that the supply of time is totally inelastic; time is completely irreplaceable and everything requires time. There are a number of suggested procedures and techniques for managing time, but the basic requirement of good time management include: Clear objectives; The ability to delegate successfully; Careful forward planning; The definition of priorities and action Stewart (1988) as cited by (Mullins, 1999) suggests that it is often helpful for managers to compare what they think they do against what they actually do in reality. Answers to the following questions will help managers decide what, if anything , they should check, and to review their effective management of time. I. Am i dividing my time correctly between different aspects of my job? Is there, perhaps, one part of my job on which I spend too much of my time? II. Am i giving adequate attention to current activities, to reviewing the past and to planning for the future? III. Am I certain that I am not doing any work that I ought to have delegated? However, inspite of developing interest in time management, it should not be viewed in isolation from related tasks of management, such as delegation and leadership. (Mullins, 1999) Effective Delegation Delegation is described as a process of entrusting authority and responsibilities to others, it is not just about illogical apportioning of work. It is the creation of a special manager-subordinate relationship within the formal structure of the organisation. (Mullins, 1999).Delegation should lead to the optimum use of human resources and improved organisational performance. Effective delegation allows manager to make profitable use of time, to concentrate on the more important activities and to spend more time in managing and less in doing. This should lead to a more even flow of work and a reduction   of bottlenecks.(Mullins, 1999) It will make managers more accessible for consultation with subordinates, or other managers, hence improving the process of communication. Effective delegation provides a means of training and development, and also of testing the subordinate’s suitability for promotion. It can be used as a means of assessing the likely performance of a subordinate. If managers have trained competent subordinates capable of taking their place this will not only aid organisational progress but also enhance their own prospects for further advancement. (Mullins, 1999) Another area to be discussed is the area of communication and the management of conflict Communication and the Management of Conflict It has been made known that diverse perspectives, practices and perceptions have to be accommodated, or otherwise made productive, in order to meet an organisation’s overall goals. (McCall and Cousins, 1990).These differences can, depending on the circumstances, be overt or covert. They can take place between superiors and subordinates. In the great majority of situations conflict is either present or threatens to be present. However for manager to handle conflict effectively, a useful framework of Pondy (1967) as cited by (McCall and Cousins, 1990) who saw conflict as having a number of different phases. The first phase is latent conflict, in which two or more parties co-operate with each other and compete for certain rewards. This could be measurable in terms of bonuses or effectiveness benchmarks. The second phase is perceived conflict. This is a situation where group rely on each other and one believes that the other is pursuing a course of action which is harmful to its members (McCall and Cousins,1990). The third phase is felt conflict, in which differences of interests and opinions are given expression in specific issues which take on and added significance because they symbolise how the parties feel about each other. It is at this stage that the manager start to make choices. How he defines situation may be a conscious or unconscious choice, depending on the manager’s awareness of the alternatives and the forces at work on him; how they orient themselves in terms of degree of assertiveness and co-operativeness will influence the ease with which conflict can be managed. (McCall and Cousins, 1990) Strategies for managing conflict – the strategy to be adopted by a manager will vary according to the nature and sources of conflict.(Mullins, 1999) Personnel policies and proceduress are : job analysis, recruitment and selection, job evaluation; systems of reward and punishment, arbitration and mediation. Development of interpersonal/group process skills- this may help to encourage a better understanding of one’s own behaviour, the other person’s point of view, communication process and problem solving. Leadership and management- a more participative and supportive style of leadership and managerial behaviour is likely to assist in conflict management. For example, showing an attitude of respect and trust; encouraging personal self-development. A participative approach to leadership and management may also help to create greater employee commitment. Clarification of goals and objectives- the continual refinement and clarification of goals and objectives, performance standards, role definition will help to avoid misunderstandings and conflict. Socio-technical approach- viewing the organisation as a socio-technical system, in which psychological and socio factors are developed in keeping the structural and technical requirements, will help in reducing dysfunctional conflict.(Mullins, 1999) Stress Management Stress as defined by McKenna and cited by (Mullins, 1999) as any condition that is seen as threatening, burdensome, ambiguous or boring is possibly to result in stress. (Mullins, 1999) cited Handy who suggests some organisational situations that are likely to result to stress for individual at work. These are; Integrative or boundary functions- the particularly stressful role to the coordinator, link person or outside contact, perhaps due to the lack of control over their demands or resources. Career uncertainty- if future career prospects become doubtful the uncertainty can quickly become stressful and spread to affect the person’s duty. Relationship problems- difficulties with boss, colleagues or subordinates. For certain people, especially those with a technical orientation, the need to work with other people is a worrying complication. Strategies for coping with stress; I.   Need to examine the reward system- for example pay and intangible rewards II. Relaxation techniques- this includes considering counselling and advice systems. III. Employee appraisal- manager can review target setting and controlling expectations IV. Training- this could be on stress awareness, assertiveness, time planning. (Mullins, 1999) 1.2   Techniques to assess the professional skills required of a Manager As Management has become more about managing people than managing operations, however, and social and human skills reflect the ability to get along with other people are progressively important attributes at all levels of management. However a simplistic approach, the following framework provides a useful basis from which to examine the combination and balance of the qualities of an effective manager. The degree of technical competence or conceptual ability will vary according to the level of the organisation at which the manager operates. Conceptual ability – this is required in order to view the complexities of the operations of the organisation as a whole, including environmental influences. It also involves decision-making skills. The manager ‘s personal contribution should be related to the overall objectives of the organisation and to its strategic planning.(Mullins, 1999) Technical competence-   this involves the application of particular knowledge, methods and skills to discrete tasks. Technical competence is likely to be required more at the supervisory level and for the training of subordinate staff, and with day-to-day activities concerned in the actual production of goods or services. Social and human skills- has to do with the manager’s interpersonal relationships in working with and through other people, and the application of judgement. A distinguishing feature of management is the ability to secure the effective use of human resources of the organisation. This involves effective teamwork and the direction and leadership of staff to achieve co-ordinated effort. It is under this that effective manager could find sensitivity to particular situations, and flexibility in adopting the most appropriate style of management. (Mullins, 1999) 2.1 skills audit to evaluate the strategic skills needed to meet current and future leadership requirement It is undeniable that various occupations require different skills, competencies and abilities. It is also the case that individuals differ with regard to their mental capabilities and the degree at which they relate them at work. The ‘happy’ scenario is that a match should occur between the individual’s abilities and their occupation, but reality suggests that this is not the case always. The excesses include employees bored inflexible with a simple task who become careless in their attitude and make a succession of mistakes and the employees who have been promoted beyond their capability. The result could be stress either for the individuals unable to cope or their work colleagues who are picking up the debris left behind. It can be assumed that a person’s ability is dependent upon his or her intelligence. (Mullins, 1999). In a similar vein to the studies of personality, different schools of thought have emerged with regard to the study of abilities. Simi lar debates to the ones that surround the study of personality have also twirled around the research on intelligence. (Mullins, 1999) Psychological Testing Furthermore the early tests of intelligence have evolved into a large psychological business. Tests are broadly divided by the British Psychological Society into: Tests of typical performance. These assess individual typical responses to given scenarios. Here, answers indicate an individual’s choices and strength of feelings. Answers are not right or wrong as such, but identify preferences. Personality assessment and interest inventories are examples of such tests. (Mullins, 1999). Tests of maximum performance. These assess an individual’s ability to perform effectively under standard conditions. Performance on these tests, which include ability and aptitude tests, can be judged as right or wrong. Ability tests come in many various forms and may test a general intellectual functioning or a specific ability (such as verbal reasoning, numerical reasoning, etc.) Modern Occupational Skills Tests are an example of specific ability tests and measure a range of clerical and administrative skills: verbal checking; technical checking, numerical estimation, etc. they claim to be an aid in the selection of administrative staff. Other methods that could be used to conduct the skills audit include: Checking current records for example, training records to identify what staff have been trained in. Observing staff as they carry out their various tasks and analysing the outcomes for quality. Using surveys to find out what peers or supervisors observe are the skills, knowledge, needs and weaknesses. Carrying out interviews with employees. This could be part of a performance review. (www.records.nsw.gov.au) 2.2 Application of appropriate techniques to identify preferred learning style It is essential for the long-term health and future of the organisation that managers understand the learning process to ensure that not only the needs of individuals are met but that the store of wisdom and ‘know-how’ can flow effectively. Theories of learning can act as a framework for managers to help in the identification and analysis of problems. (Mullins, 1999) In order to understand how people learn, cognitive factors must be taken into account. Observing changes in behaviour is only part of the learning process. Attention must be given to a countless of individual factors, in order to understand how and why the people learn. People learn not only by association and rewards, but by having knowledge of their results and by receiving feedback. The success of their desired aims and goals motivates and drives people to learn. This has brought about making theorists and educationists to consider the ways in which people learn through experience. (Mullins, 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://academic.regis.edu  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Some cognitive theorists have emphasised the cyclical nature of learning and its active nature. Davis(1990) as cited by (Mullins, 1999) for example, claims that ‘experiential learning is an integration and alternation of thinking and doing’. Kolb’s learning cycle is typical of this approach and is the one that is most often used in the management literature. It provides beneficial insights into the nature of learning: It shows that learning is endless, but only another turn of the cycle. It identifies the significance of reflection and internalisation. It is a useful way in recognising problems in the learning process. Learners are not passive recipients but need to actively explore and test the environment. (Mullins, 1999) Moreover, the approach highlights the significance of the fusion between an individual’s behaviour and the evaluation of their actions. The important part of the learning process is the reflection of what has been learned in order to experiment with new situations and to become aware of new possibilities. It is the real essence of action learning; by going through the cycle that learners are opened to applying, reflecting and testing out their learning. This encourages individuals in habits harmonious with the concept of life-long learning. Hence, it is no surprise that Kolb addresses his concepts to managers and suggests that experiential learning will enable managers to cope with change and complexities. He made a suggestion that: A main function of strategic management development†¦is to for managers to have access to knowledge and relationship networks that can aid them in becoming life-long learners and cope with issues on their continually dynamic agendas. Relating his learning cycle to the study of individual differences, Kolb demonstrated that individuals may have a preference for one of the main stages and therein lies their learning style, (Mullins, 1999). The four different styles of learning identified by Kolb are: Accommodative-strong penchant for concrete experiences and active experimentation (hands on); Divergent preference for concrete experiences, but to reflect on these from different viewpoint; Assimilative prefers to swing between reflection and conceptualisation and will use inductive reasoning to develop new theory; Convergent prefers to apply ideas, and will take an idea and test it out In practice. (Kolb,1985) as cited by (Mullins, 1999) Honey and Mumford(1992) as cited by (Mullins, 1999) refined Kolb’s learning style questionnaire by simplifying his learning cycle. The outcome is that managers can identify whether they are predominantly: Activist  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   what is new? I’m game for anything. Reflector  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  I would like time to think about this. Pragmatist  Ã‚   how can I apply this in practice? Theorist  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   how does this relate to that? The scholars assert that an understanding of one’s learning styles will improve learning effectiveness. And also that an integrated and effective learner will be prepared to manage all four styles even though they may have a favourite. References ATKINS, M.J., BEATTIE, J. and DOCKRELL, W.B., Assessment Issues in Higher Education, Department of Employment (October 1993), p.51. CHARSLEY, W.F. ‘Effective Management-so you think you’ve got it right?’ British Journal of Administrative Management, vol.1, November 1986, pp.11-12. See also: ALLEN,T. Hands off Local Government’, Management Today, September 1993, p.5. DAVIS,L. Experience-Based Learning Within the Curriculum, Council for National Academic Awards (1990) DRUCKER, P. The Practice of Management, Heinemann Professional (1989), p.3. GALLWEY, W.T. The Inner Game of Golf, Jonathan Cape (1981), p.19. HANDY, C.B. Understanding Organisations, Fourth edition, Penguin (1993) HONEY, P. and MUMFORD, A. The Manual of Learning Styles, Third edition, Honey (1992) HONEY, P .’Styles of Learning’ in MUMFORD, A. (ed.) Handbook of Management Development, Fourth edition, Gower (1994) JOHNS, T. Perfect Time Management, Century Business (1993) and VAND DE VLIET, A. ‘Beat the Time Bandits’, Management Today, May 1997, pp.90-2. KOLB, D.A., Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development, Prentice- Hall (1985) LUTHANS, F. ’Successful vs. Effective Real Managers’, The Academy of Management Executive, vol.11, no.2, 1988, pp.127-32. ‘Managing Your Time Effectively’ Management Checklist 016, The Institute of Management, 1997. McCALL, I. and COUSINS, J. (1990) Communication Problem Solving, ‘The Language of Effective Management’, Courier International LTD, Essex. MULLINS, L.J. ‘Successful Training- A Planned and Systematic Approach’, Administrator, July 1991, pp.4-5. MULLINS, L.J. (1999) Management and Organisational Behaviour, Fifth edition, Pitman Publishing, Great Britain. REES, W.D. The Skills of Management, Fourth edition, International Thompson Business Press (1996), p.26. SNAPE, E., WILKINSON, A., MARCHINGTON, M. and REDMAN, T. ‘Managing Human Resources for TQM: Possibilities and Pitfalls’, Employee Relations, vol.17.no.3, 1995, pp.42-51. STEWART, R. Managers and Their Jobs, second edition, MacMillan (1988), p.123. ‘Training for Advantage’, Management Today, May 1997, p.89. Training Learning Consultancy LTD. Bristol, England. STERNBERG, R.J. and WAGNER, R.K. Practical Intelligence, Cambridge University Press (1986) http:// academic.regis.edu/ed202/subsequent/Kolb2.htm. (accessed on 18th of June 2011) www.records.nsw.gov.au/recordkeeping/government-recordkeeping-manual/guidance/guidlines-17/guideline-17-part-2. (accessed on 18th June 2011)

The Empire Of Good Intentions Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Empire Of Good Intentions - Movie Review Example Schama succeeds in showing that the anti-colonial insurgency was rampant in India, and the Indians resisted the British reforms, which portrayed a lack of religious sensitivity. Through the illustrative presentation of the readings by the actors, the viewers of the documentary realize that Britain was about to lose control of India as indicated in the mutiny unless it devised a new method of governance. Hence, the British quest to realign its structures of governing the colonies portrays that the colonizer’s self-interest to control every aspect of the colony’s life. Although famine is a natural calamity, the documentary helps the viewers and historians to recognize that the 1845 potato drought, which led to migration from Ireland to the United States, reflected the inability of the natives to survive the calamity due to the weakened economy attributed to the British domination and incompatible policies. The central subject of the British imperialism through the promise of civilization in Ireland and India is well covered and presented in the documentary. Notably, the British used the principles of liberalism and economic to impose the imperial policies that were not compatible with those of the colonies. The efforts to restore the preserve the Britain imperial system in India after the 1857-8 Mutiny is enough evidence that the British had a selfish interest as opposed to economic liberalism in the host nations. Fundamentally, the British imperialism disrupted the lifestyles of the colonies.